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District Cooling Market Research

SIS Międzynarodowy

District Cooling Market Research

District Cooling (DC) is the centralized production and distribution of cooling energy. The output of one plant can meet cooling-demands of dozens of buildings. It’s important because centralized production of cooling energy is:

  • More environmentally friendly
  • More cost-effective
  • A price competitive alternative
  • Reliable and convenient for the customer
  • Space efficient

District Cooling Systems (DCS)

  • Distributes thermal energy in the form of chilled water from a central source to buildings through underground pipes.
  • Three primary components:
    • Central plant
    • Distribution network
    • Consumer system
  • District Cooling Systems may include:
    • Cooling equipment
    • Power generation
    • Thermal storage

Market Potential

A possible chain of events ….

  • Increased use of fossil fuels (e.g. electricity production)
  • Then, an increase in greenhouse gas emissions
  • Then, Global warming
  • Then, a need for new systems


Market Potential Issues

  • GCC Urbanization Patterns
    • Significant Real Estate development
    • High demand for air conditioning
  • Climate
    • Hot and Humid
    • Permanent need for cooling
    • Need for stable and reliable solution
  • Energy Considerations
    • Power constraints/shortages
    • Need for energy efficient solutions


Key Technologies in District Cooling

  • Reciprocating Engines
    • All types of power generation (small portable Gensets to larger industrial engines)
    • Spark ignition engines use natural gas as preferred fuel
    • Can be set up to run on propane or gasoline
  • Gas Turbines
    • Established technology in many sizes (kilowatts to megawatts)
    • Produce high-quality heat to generate steam for on-site use
    • Can burn natural gas, petroleum fuels, or have a dual-fuel configuration
  • Steam Turbines
    • Convert steam energy into shaft power
    • Capacity can range from fractional horsepower to several hundred MW
    • Does not directly convert a fuel to electric energy (requires a source of high-pressure steam)
  • Micro Turbines
    • Very small combustion turbines
    • Offered in a size range of 30kW to 250 kW
    • In the early stages of market entry
  • Fuel Cells
    • Produce power electrochemically, similar to a battery
    • Use hydrogen fuel that is delivered to a cathode and oxygen in air that is delivered to a node
    • Modular and capable of application in small commercial or residential markets
    • Also operates at high temperatures in larger sized systems
  • Absorption Chillers
    • Commercialized thermally activated technology
    • The most common working fluids are water/NH3 and LiBr/water
    • Can be divided into single-effect, double-effect, or triple-effect
    • Novel, environmentally friendly, and effective way of using low-grade heat sources
    • Four phases:
      • Heating-pressurization
      • Isobaric condensation
      • Cooling-depressurization
      • Isobaric adsorption
  • Desiccant dehumidifiers
    • Can work in concert with sorption chillers or conventional air-conditioning systems
    • Two types:
      • Solid desiccant dehumidifiers
      • Liquid desiccant dehumidifiers
  • Thermal energy storage (TES)
    • Stores heat from cooling loads during high load or ‘on-peak’ periods
    • Then, removes heat from storage and rejects it to the ambient environment during low-load or ‘off-peak’ periods
    • Can use latent heat storage or sensible heat storage

 

About District Cooling Market Research

SIS International Research is a global market research, market intelligence, market entry, business intelligence and competitive intelligence firm headquartered in New York City. Conducting custom market research in over 120 countries, in particular, Emerging Markets, SIS covers 50 key industries. SIS provides the Business Insight for companies to compete on a global level.

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